How to Heal a Disorganized Attachment Style 🧠

The Attachment Style That Wants Love & Is Terrified of It at the Same Time (10min Read)

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TL;DR Summary:

• Disorganized attachment isn’t “anxious + avoidant” — it’s a nervous system with no safe strategy

• It forms when the same person is both your source of safety and your source of fear

• This can happen in childhood OR adulthood — betrayal, coercive relationships, and even harmful therapeutic relationships can all rewire attachment

• Through an IFS lens, adult-onset disorganization is protective Parts stepping in when Self gets overwhelmed

• Healing happens at the body level first — internal safety before relational safety

• The goal isn’t perfection, it’s repair

• Your nervous system learned something. It can learn something new.

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What Is Disorganized Attachment, Really?

Let’s start with the experience, not the label.

If you have a disorganized attachment style, you probably recognize some version of this:

You crave closeness deeply.
And when you get it… something in you panics.

You may:

• Feel intensely bonded very quickly

• Long for emotional intimacy, reassurance, and attunement

• Suddenly feel overwhelmed, numb, dissociated, or repulsed when someone gets close

• Push people away after you get what you wanted

• Feel safest alone, but loneliest when you are

Which begs the question…

Why would the same nervous system want closeness and fear it at the same time?

The answer to that question is fascinating, and the topic of our blog today!

And yes, of course, I will also be covering exactly how to heal this attachment style as well!

Let’s dive in.

Disorganized Attachment vs. Other Attachment Styles

Before we dive all the way in, let’s clarify how this attachment style is different from the other 3!

With secure attachment, closeness feels regulating. After conflict, the nervous system finds its way back to baseline. Love feels safe and predictable.

With anxious attachment, closeness is regulating, but distance is threatening. So the nervous system activates and pursues connection to get back to safety.

With avoidant attachment, it’s the opposite. Distance feels regulating, closeness feels threatening. So the nervous system deactivates and pulls away to preserve autonomy.

And then there’s disorganized attachment, our topic of discussion today!

This is where closeness feels threatening, and distance feels threatening. There is no stable strategy. The nervous system is caught in a loop with nowhere to go.

This is not “anxious + avoidant.”

This is an approach–avoidance conflict inside the nervous system.

Your brain learned:

• “I need you to survive.”

• “You are not safe.”

At the same time.

The Neuroscience Behind Disorganized Attachment

From a neuroscience perspective, disorganized attachment forms when the person you depend on for safety is also a source of fear.

This creates what you could think of as a biologically irresolvable dilemma.

Essentially, what’s happening is that the attachment system (supported by oxytocin, ventral vagal pathways, and limbic bonding circuits) pulls you toward connection.

While threat circuits (including the amygdala, sympathetic activation, and sometimes dorsal vagal shutdown) push you away from the same person.

There is no coherent attachment response available.

So the nervous system does the only thing it can: It fragments.

This is why disorganized attachment is strongly associated with:

• Dissociation

• Emotional whiplash

• Sudden shifts in perception of others

• “I don’t know why I just shut down/exploded/disappeared”

Your prefrontal cortex cannot integrate what your survival brain learned.

I can’t imagine how terrible this must feel inside the mind, brain, and body of someone with this attachment style.

So, what on earth could cause something like this in the brain?!

Great question.

What Actually Creates Disorganized Attachment?

Disorganized attachment forms when the nervous system experiences the same attachment figure as both:

• a source of safety

• and a source of fear

Not sometimes. Not abstractly.

In the same relationship.

This is critical.

Anxious attachment forms when safety is inconsistent.

Avoidant attachment forms when safety is rejected or unavailable.

Disorganized attachment forms when safety is frightening.

Sounds paradoxical, I get it, promise I’ll break this down further, but I do think it’s important to understand this paradox and how disorienting this must be.

These kids (or adults) are left with no viable nervous system strategy to get relief.

So, how exactly does this happen?

Let’s talk kids first, then about adult onset.

How a Child Develops Disorganized Attachment

Disorganized attachment forms when a child cannot predict whether approaching the caregiver will lead to comfort or danger.

So what does that actually look like in real life?

Let me walk you through some specific situations I’ve heard and researched.

1. The Caregiver Is Emotionally Attuned… Then Suddenly Terrifying

Imagine a parent who is loving, affectionate, and playful, and then out of nowhere, something shifts.

They become rageful, threatening, or just... cold and cruel. No warning. No build-up. Just a flip that gets switched.

This usually isn’t as simple as a “bad parent” who doesn’t love their child.

More often, it’s a parent who is carrying their own unresolved trauma. Something like stress, a trigger, a memory they never processed, activates their own nervous system, and suddenly they’re not responding to their child anymore.

They’re responding to something from their own past.

The child has no way to make sense of this. They didn’t do anything wrong. There was no signal. And the person who was just holding them safely is now the source of fear.

From the child’s nervous system, the message is: “The same person who soothes me also scares me.”

The attachment system says go toward. The threat system says get away.

And there is no solution, just a nervous system that learns to brace for impact even inside of love. :/

2. The Caregiver Is a Source of Comfort After Being the Source of Fear

This is one of the clearest patterns we see in disorganized attachment.

Imagine:

• A parent yells, explodes, or emotionally overwhelms the child

• The child becomes scared or dysregulated

• Then the same parent tries to comfort the child

This creates another biological paradox: “I am scared of you, but you are the only one who can calm me.”

This is where disorganization specifically emerges, not just insecurity.

3. The Caregiver Is Dissociated, Depressed, or Unpredictably “Not There”

Fear doesn’t have to be loud to be damaging.

Sometimes the most disorienting thing a child can experience isn’t rage or cruelty — it’s emptiness.

A caregiver who is physically present but psychologically gone. They zone out, go emotionally blank, or disappear behind their eyes.

And then moments later they’re warm again, like nothing happened.

This is often a parent dealing with their own depression, dissociation, or unprocessed grief. They’re not trying to frighten their child.

But from the child’s nervous system, the experience is: “Sometimes you’re here. Sometimes you vanish. And I never know which version of you I’m going to get.”

The nervous system can actually adapt to consistent hardship, but it cannot find solid ground in a relationship that keeps shifting without explanation.

Unpredictability registers as danger at a survival level, even when nothing overtly scary is happening.

So the child learns to stay on alert. Always scanning. Always bracing. Even in the quiet moments.

4. Role Reversal or Parentification

This is one I see constantly, especially with high-achieving, Type-A women who look like they “have it all together” on the outside.

It happens when the child becomes the emotional regulator for the parent.

Maybe during a divorce, a family crisis, or just the ongoing weight of a parent who couldn’t hold their own emotions.

The child learns that they’re only safe and only loved when they’re being strong.

When they have needs, things get uncomfortable. When they take care of you, they belong.

So they stop having needs. Or at least, they stop showing them.

The message the nervous system internalizes is: “If I need you, I am unsafe. If I take care of you, I belong.”

And you can probably see how that plays out in adult relationships.

Closeness starts to feel like responsibility and danger. But distance feels like abandonment.

There’s nowhere comfortable to land.

5. Abuse Is Present, But Intermittent or Followed by Care

This is probably the hardest one to write about, and it’s a very common root of disorganized attachment.

And I want to be clear, abuse doesn’t have to be physical.

Emotional and psychological abuse can be just as disorienting, and in some ways even harder to identify because there’s nothing visible to point to.

Here’s what’s really important to understand: consistent abuse actually tends to create avoidant attachment.

The nervous system finds a strategy: stay away, stay small, don’t need anything.

But when abuse is intermittent, mixed with genuine love, affection, and remorse?

That’s where disorganization forms.

Because now the child is getting “I didn’t mean it. I love you so much. You’re all I have.”

AND they mean it.

As wild as it might sound, the parent genuinely means it usually.

Which makes it so much more confusing than if they didn’t.

The child can’t map safety onto anyone or anything. The person hurting them is also the person loving them.

And their nervous system has no coherent way to respond to that, so it stops trying to find one.

Can Disorganized Attachment Emerge in Adulthood?

Yes, and this is a question I get all the time.

And it’s important, because a lot of women I work with don’t have obviously traumatic childhoods.

They describe themselves as relatively secure... until a specific relationship broke something open.

That’s not them being dramatic. That’s a disorganized, fear‑based attachment pattern emerging in adulthood, and it’s very real.

It emerges in much the same way it does in childhood: someone you deeply depend on becomes a source of fear, and there’s no clean way out.

This can happen through an abusive or coercive relationship where the person who loves you most is also the one hurting you.

It can happen through betrayal trauma, where a sudden discovery of infidelity or deception makes reality itself feel unsafe.

And one that doesn't get talked about enough is that it can also happen with a therapist, coach, or spiritual leader.

These relationships activate the same attachment circuits as any other close bond.

When someone in that role violates boundaries, misuses the dynamic, or suddenly abandons the relationship, it can rewire attachment patterns just like any other trauma.

The fact that it happened in a "professional" context doesn't make it less real.

Bottom line? The nervous system doesn’t care whether this happened at age 5 or age 35.

It learns the same lesson either way: the people I need cannot be trusted.

And here’s what matters most for healing: it doesn’t replace your original attachment style so much as it layers on top of it.

Which is why someone can genuinely say “I was secure until this relationship” and be completely right.

Either way, the path forward is the same: the nervous system learned something, and it can learn something new.

An IFS Angle

Is anyone really surprised I’m bringing IFS in? Probably not.

I’m doing it, though, because Internal Family Systems therapy gives us such a clear picture of what’s actually happening, especially with adult-onset disorganization.

In IFS, we understand that at our core, every person has a Self. Calm, curious, connected.

And when something overwhelming happens, a betrayal, an abusive relationship, a loss met with abandonment, protective Parts of us mobilize to make sure that never happens again.

So when someone says “I was secure until this relationship,” what I often see through an IFS lens is exactly that.

They were secure. Their core Self was accessible, open, trusting.

And then something happened that was too much for the system to process.

So Parts stepped in, maybe a part that pulls away before anyone gets too close, a part that monitors for danger in every interaction, a part that would rather feel nothing than feel that again.

Those parts aren’t the problem. They’re doing their job. They’re just doing it in a way that makes love feel impossible.

This is actually one of the reasons I find IFS so powerful for attachment healing, because it doesn’t pathologize these protective responses.

It honors them. And then it gently asks: does this part still need to work this hard? Is it safe to let Self lead now?

That question is really where healing begins.

Why This Matters for Healing

Whether your disorganized attachment formed in childhood or was acquired through an adult relationship, the path forward is fundamentally the same.

You must help the nervous system learn something new, and help the Parts that learned to fear love feel safe enough to soften.

If it formed in childhood, that tends to require slower, more developmental work. Building safety from the bottom up, in the body first.

If it formed in adulthood, the focus is often on decoupling fear from attachment, processing the specific betrayal, threat, or loss that taught your system love wasn’t safe.

But either way: the nervous system learned something.

And it can learn something new.

Ok, Cody, so, how exactly do I teach it something new then?

So, happy you asked, dear reader!

Healing Disorganized Attachment

Healing disorganized attachment is about creating coherence where there was once contradiction.

Below is a 5-step nervous-system-based healing process.

Not hacks. Not affirmations. Not “just choose secure partners.”

Actual repair using neuroscience and IFS.